7. References¶

1)

Claus Grupen. Astroparticle physics. 2005.

2)

RP Feynman, RB Leighton, M Sands. The Feynman Lectures on Physics; Vol. I. American Journal of Physics, 1965.

3)

Michael Hale. PHYC 6421.03 Radiological Physics Lecture. Dalhousie University, http://myweb.dal.ca/halem/phyc6421/,

4)

H J Hoekstra, W F Sindelar, T J Kinsella, J Oldhoff. History, preliminary results, complications, and future prospects of intraoperative radiotherapy. Journal of surgical oncology, 36:175–82, 1987.

5)

National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST PSTAR Tables. http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/PSTAR.html, Accessed: December 11, 2011.

6)

Dieter Schardt, Thilo Elsässer. Heavy-ion tumor therapy: Physical and radiobiological benefits. Reviews of Modern Physics, 82:383–425, 2010.

7)

A.M. Koehler. Proton radiography. Science, 160:303–4, 1968.

8)

U. Amaldi, S. Braccini. Present challenges in hadrontherapy techniques. The European Physical Journal Plus, 126:1–15, 2011.

9)

Jacobus M Schippers, Antony J Lomax. Emerging technologies in proton therapy. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 50:838–50, 2011.

10)

Adrian Staab, Hans Peter Rutz, Carmen Ares, Beate Timmermann, Ralf Schneider, Alessandra Bolsi, Francesca Albertini, Antony Lomax, Gudrun Goitein, Eugen Hug. Spot-scanning-based proton therapy for extracranial chordoma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 81:e489–96, 2011.

11)

R.R. Wilson. Radiological Use of Fast Protons. Radiology, 47:487, 1946.

12)

G Kraft. Tumor therapy with heavy charged particles. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 45:2000.

13)

K Gunzert-Marx, H Iwase, D Schardt, R S Simon. Secondary beam fragments produced by 200 MeV/u 12C ions in water and their dose contributions in carbon ion radiotherapy. New Journal of Physics, 10:075003, 2008.

14)

David J Brenner, Eric J Hall. Secondary neutrons in clinical proton radiotherapy: a charged issue. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 86:165–70, 2008.

15)

Thilo Elsässer, Michael Scholz, Thilo Elsa. Cluster Effects within the Local Effect Model Cluster Effects within the Local Effect Model. 167:319–329, 2007.

16)

L Wisser. Pion treatment of prostate carcinoma at Paul Scherrer Institute (formerly Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN)) from 1983 to 1992. Cancer radiothérapie : journal de la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique, 8:88–94, 2004.

17)

G Goodman, L Skarsgard, G Thompson, R Harrison, G Lam, C Lugate. Pion therapy at TRIUMF. Treatment results for astrocytoma grades 3 and 4: a pilot study. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 17:21–28, 1990.

18)

Ugo Amaldi, Gerhard Kraft. Radiotherapy with beams of carbon ions. Reports on Progress in Physics, 68:1861–1882, 2005.

19)

S. Rossi. The status of CNAO. The European Physical Journal Plus, 126:2011.

20)

Wikipedia. File:CompT.jpg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CompT.jpg, Accessed: May 29, 2012.

21)

K M Hanson, J N Bradbury, T M Cannon, R L Hutson, D B Laubacher, R J Macek, M a Paciotti, C a Taylor. Computed tomography using proton energy loss. Physics in medicine and biology, 26:965–83, 1981.

22)

Hyungjoon Ryu, Eunsuk Song, Jaeki Lee, Jongwon Kim. Density and spatial resolutions of proton radiography using a range modulation technique. Physics in medicine and biology, 53:5461–8, 2008.

23)

S. N. Penfold, a. B. Rosenfeld, R. W. Schulte, K. E. Schubert. A more accurate reconstruction system matrix for quantitative proton computed tomography. Medical Physics, 36:4511, 2009.

24)

Michiaki Takahashi, Shigeto Kabuki, Kaori Hattori, Naoki Higashi, Satoru Iwaki, Hidetoshi Kubo, Shunsuke Kurosawa, Kentaro Miuchi, Kiseki Nakamura, Hironobu Nishimura, Joseph D. Parker, Tatsuya Sawano, Atsushi Takada, Toru Tanimori, Kojiro Taniue, Kazuki Ueno. Development of an Electron-Tracking Compton Camera using CF4 gas at high pressure for improved detection efficiency. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 628:150–153, 2011.

25)

Philips Press Release. Philips Digital Photon Counting. http://www.research.philips.com/initiatives/digitalphotoncounting/news/backgrounders/091008-photon-counting.html, Accessed: June 1, 2012.

26)

Elizabeth Clements. A new kind of detector technology that could lead to discoveries in particle physics may also lead to better 3D images of the human body and help cancer patients. http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000942, Accessed: June 1, 2012.

27)

S. Braccini, A. Ereditato, I. Kreslo, U. Moser, C. Pistillo, S. Studer, P. Scampoli. Nuclear Emulsion Film Detectors for Proton Radiography: Design and Test of the First Prototype. 626–630, 2010.

28)

L. Johnson, B. Keeney, G. Ross, H.F.-W. Sadrozinski, a. Seiden, D.C. Williams, L. Zhang, V. Bashkirov, R.W. Schulte, K. Shahnazi. Initial studies on proton computed tomography using a silicon strip detector telescope. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 514:215–223, 2003.

29)

C. Talamonti, V. Reggioli, M. Bruzzi, M. Bucciolini, C. Civinini, L. Marrazzo, D. Menichelli, S. Pallotta, N. Randazzo, V. Sipala, G.a.P. Cirrone, M. Petterson, N. Blumenkrantz, J. Feldt, J. Heimann, D. Lucia, a. Seiden, D.C. Williams, H.F.-W. Sadrozinski, V. Bashkirov, R. Schulte. Proton radiography for clinical applications. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 612:571–575, 2010.

30)

D C Williams. The most likely path of an energetic charged particle through a uniform medium. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 49:2899–2911, 2004.

31)

GAP Cirrone, Giacomo Cuttone, Giuliana Candiano. Monte Carlo studies of a proton computed tomography system. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, 54:1487–1491, 2007.

32)

G.a.P. Cirrone, G. Candiano, G. Cuttone, S. Lo Nigro, D. Lo Presti, N. Randazzo, V. Sipala, M. Russo, S. Aiello, M. Bruzzi, D. Menichelli, M. Scaringella, S. Miglio, M. Bucciolini, C. Talamonti, S. Pallotta. The Italian project for a proton imaging device. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 576:194–197, 2007.

33)

C. Civinini, M. Brianzi, M. Bruzzi, M. Bucciolini, G. Candiano, L. Capineri, G.a.P. Cirrone, G. Cuttone, D. Lo Presti, L. Marrazzo, E. Mazzaglia, D. Menichelli, S. Pieri, N. Randazzo, V. Sipala, C. Stancampiano, C. Talamonti, M. Tesi, S. Valentini. Towards a proton imaging system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 623:588–590, 2010.

34)

U. Amaldi, a. Bianchi, Y-H. Chang, a. Go, W. Hajdas, N. Malakhov, J. Samarati, F. Sauli, D. Watts. Construction, test and operation of a proton range radiography system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 629:337–344, 2011.

35)

J. Jakubek, M. Martišíková, C. Granja, K. Gwosch, B. Hartmann, S. Pospíšil, O. Jäkel. 249 Investigation of the Timepix Detector for Beam Range Verification in Ion Beam Therapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 102:S128–S129, 2012.

36)

P Henriquet, E Testa, M Chevallier, D Dauvergne, G Dedes, N Freud, J Krimmer, J M Létang, C Ray, M-H Richard, F Sauli. Interaction vertex imaging (IVI) for carbon ion therapy monitoring: a feasibility study. Physics in medicine and biology, 57:4655–69, 2012.

37)

F Sauli. Principles of operation of multiwire proportional and drift chambers. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 162:92 p, 1977.

38)

Panagiotis C Tsopelas. Master Thesis. 2011.

39)

Tianfang Li, Zhengrong Liang, Jayalakshmi V. Singanallur, Todd J. Satogata, David C. Williams, Reinhard W. Schulte. Reconstruction for proton computed tomography by tracing proton trajectories: A Monte Carlo study. Medical Physics, 33:699, 2006.

40)

Lucie De Nooij. Data Analysis of Measurements on a GridPix detector. 2009.

41)

R F Hurley, Campus Street, Loma Linda. Water-equivalent path length calibration of a prototype proton CT scanner. 39:2438–2446, 2012.

42)

Vladimir Bashkirov, Reinhard Schulte, George Coutrakon. Development of proton computed tomography for applications in proton therapy. APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, 2–5, 2009.

43)

Nicolas Depauw, Joao Seco. Sensitivity study of proton radiography and comparison with kV and MV x-ray imaging using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations. Physics in medicine and biology, 56:2407–21, 2011.

44)

P Schotanus, CWE Van Eijk. Temperature dependence of BaF 2 scintillation light yield. Nuclear Instruments and …, 238:564–565, 1985.

45)

Photonis. XP2242B. 7–9,

46)

K S Shah, J Glodo, M Klugerman, W M Higgins, T Gupta, P Wong. High Energy Resolution Scintillation Spectrometers. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, 51:2395–2399, 2004.

47)

M Kolsteinb, A Airapetiand, N Akopovd, M Amariand, V Garibiand, S Taroiand, A Simonf, B Brayg, M Doetsb, T Henkesb, R Avakiand, A Avetissiand. Performance of F101 radiation resistant lead glass shower counters. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 378:155–161, 1996.

48)

Scionix. Crystal Data. http://scionix.nl/crystals.htm, Accessed: May 29, 2012.

49)

R Novotny. Performance of the BaF2-calorimeter TAPS. Nuclear Physics B-Proceedings Supplements, 137–142, 1998.

50)

R Novotny, W Doring. A plastic-BaF2 phoswich telescope for charged/neutral particle and photon detection. Nuclear Science, …, 1996.

51)

HiSparc. HiSparc. http://hisparc.nl, Accessed: May 1, 2012.

52)

Libusb authors. Libusb. http://www.libusb.org/, Accessed: July 30, 2012.

53)

PyFTDI authors. PyFTDI. https://github.com/eblot/pyftdi, Accessed: May 30, 2012.

54)

David Fokkema, Arne Laat. PySparc. https://github.com/HiSPARC/PySPARC, Accessed: June 30, 2012.

55)

Gerhard Kraft. Tumor Therapy with Heavy Ions.

56)

D Schulzertner, a Nikoghosyan, C Thilmann, T Haberer, O Jakel, C Karger, G Kraft, M Wannenmacher, J Debus. Results of carbon ion radiotherapy in 152 patients1. International Journal of Radiation OncologyBiologyPhysics, 58:631–640, 2004.

57)

P Zygmanski, K P Gall, M S Rabin, S J Rosenthal. The measurement of proton stopping power using proton-cone-beam computed tomography. Physics in medicine and biology, 45:511–28, 2000.

58)

Eike Rietzel, Dieter Schardt, Thomas Haberer. Range accuracy in carbon ion treatment planning based on CT-calibration with real tissue samples. Radiation oncology (London, England), 2:14, 2007.

59)

M. Benedikt, a. Wrulich. MedAustron—Project overview and status. The European Physical Journal Plus, 126:2011.